Policy Analysis
The rules will affect all municipal employers, the State of Wisconsin, all municipal and state employees who are eligible to be represented by a labor organization for the purposes of collective bargaining, and all labor organizations who do or wish to represent employees of a municipal employer or of the State of Wisconsin for the purposes of collective bargaining.
Comparison with Federal Regulations.
There are no existing or proposed federal regulations that address the activities to be regulated by the rules.
Contact Person
Scope Statement prepared July 15, 2011 by Peter G. Davis, Chief Legal Counsel, Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission. (608) 266-2993; peterg.davis@wisconsin.gov.
Government Accountability Board
This statement of scope was approved by the governor in writing on August 24, 2011.
Subject
Revises section GAB 1.28 (3) (b), relating to the definition of the term “political purpose."
Objective of the Rule
The present amendment involves only the repeal of the second sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b). All other portions of s. GAB 1.28 effected on August 1, 2010, including the first sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b), are unchanged.
The first sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b), provides that any communication that “is susceptible of no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate" is a communication “for political purposes" within the meaning of s. 11.01 (16), Stats., and hence is subject to all of the campaign finance regulations under ch. 11 of the Wisconsin Statutes that apply to communications for a political purpose — subject, of course, to any additional requirements or limitations contained in particular statutes.
The second sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b) additionally identifies communications which are susceptible of no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate. That is, any communications that possess the characteristics enumerated in the second sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b) would automatically be deemed communications for a political purpose and, as a result, would automatically be subject to the applicable campaign finance regulations under ch. 11 of the Wisconsin Statutes.
As a result of litigation challenging the validity of the August 1, 2010, amendments to s. GAB 1.28, the Board has entered into a stipulation to refrain from enforcing the second sentence of s. GAB 1.28 (3) (b). The Board, through its litigation counsel, has also represented that it does not intend to defend the validity of that sentence and has sought judicial orders permanently enjoining its application or enforcement. This sentence is removed by this rule.
Policy Analysis
The revised rule will subject to regulation communications that are “susceptible of no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate." The revised rule will subject communications meeting this criterion to the applicable campaign finance regulations and requirements of ch. 11, Stats. The scope of regulation will be subject to the United States Supreme Court Decision, Citizens United vs. FEC (No. 08-205), permitting the use of corporate and union general treasury funds for independent expenditures.
Statutory Authority
Sections 5.05 (1) (f) and 227.11 (2) (a), Stats.
Comparison with Federal Regulations
The United States Supreme Court upheld regulation of political communications called “electioneering communications" in its December 10, 2003 decision: McConnell et al. v. Federal Election Commission, et al. (No.02-1674), its June 25, 2007 decision of: Federal Election Commission (FEC) v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc. (WRTL II), (No.06-969and 970), and pursuant to its January 21, 2010 decision of: Citizens United vs. FEC (No. 08-205).
The McConnell decision is a review of relatively recent federal legislation – The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) – amending, principally, the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as amended). A substantial portion of the McConnell Court's decision upholds provisions of BCRA that establish a new form of regulated political communication – “electioneering communications" – and that subject that form of communication to disclosure requirements as well as to other limitations, such as the prohibition of corporate and labor contributions for electioneering communications in BCRA ss. 201, 203. BCRA generally defines an “electioneering communication" as a broadcast, cable, or satellite advertisement that “refers" to a clearly identified federal candidate, is made within 60 days of a general election or 30 days of a primary election and, if for House or Senate elections, is targeted to the relevant electorate.
In addition, the Federal Election Commission (FEC) promulgated regulations further implementing BCRA (generally 11 CFR Parts 100-114) and made revisions incorporating the WRTL II decision by the United States Supreme Court (generally 11 CFR Parts 104, 114). The FEC regulates “electioneering communications."
Entities Affected by the Rules
Any person, committee, individual or political group that will sponsor communications “susceptible of no reasonable interpretation other than as an appeal to vote for or against a specific candidate."
Estimate of Time Needed to Develop the Rules
20 hours.
Justice
This statement of scope was approved by the governor on August 31, 2011.
Rule No.:
These proposed emergency rules will be placed in a new chapter, to be designated Wis. Admin. Code Chapter Jus 17. Rule numbers have not yet been designated.
Relating to:
Licenses authorizing persons to carry concealed weapons; concealed carry certification cards for qualified former federal law enforcement officers; and the certification of firearm safety and training instructors.
Description of the Objectives of the Rules
The State of Wisconsin Department of Justice (“DOJ") proposes to promulgate emergency administrative rules relating to the implementation of DOJ's statutory responsibilities under 2011 Wis. Act 35 regarding licenses authorizing persons to carry concealed weapons, concealed carry certification cards for qualified former federal law enforcement officers, and the certification of firearm safety and training instructors. The proposed emergency rules will cover four subject areas:
First, there will be rules governing the issuance of concealed carry licenses to qualified applicants by DOJ pursuant to s. 175.60, Stats. These rules will govern all aspects of the licensing process and will describe the procedures and standards under which DOJ will process applications, set and collect fees, and verify that each license applicant meets all of the license eligibility requirements under s. 175.60 (3), Stats., including procedures and standards for certifying that an applicant has satisfied the applicable statutory training requirements and procedures for conducting the statutorily required background check of each applicant to determine whether the applicant is prohibited from possessing a firearm under state or federal law. The background check rules will include procedures for conducting fingerprint checks to verify the identity of any applicant who is initially found to be ineligible based on the background check.
Second, the rules will govern the administration of concealed carry licenses that have been issued by DOJ. These rules will cover: the maintenance and treatment of licensing records by DOJ; the receipt and processing by DOJ of information from courts regarding individuals subject to a court-imposed disqualification from possessing a dangerous weapon; procedures for renewing a license and replacing a license that is lost, stolen, or destroyed; procedures for processing address changes or name changes by licensees; procedures and standards for revoking or suspending a license; procedures for the administrative review by DOJ of any denial, suspension, or revocation of a license; and procedures governing DOJ's cooperation with courts and law enforcement agencies in relation to emergency licenses issued by a court.
Third, the rules will govern the procedures and standards under which DOJ will issue concealed carry certification cards to qualified former federal law enforcement officers pursuant to s. 175.49, Stats. These rules will govern all aspects of the certification process for former federal officers who reside in Wisconsin and will describe the procedures and standards under which DOJ will process applications, set and collect fees, and verify that each applicant meets all of the certification eligibility requirements under s. 175.49 (3) (b), Stats., including procedures and standards for certifying that an applicant has satisfied the firearm qualification requirement under s. 175.49 (3) (b) 5., Stats., and procedures for conducting the statutorily required background check of each applicant to determine whether the applicant is prohibited from possessing a firearm under federal law. The background check procedures will include procedures for checking fingerprints to verify the identity of any certification applicant who is initially found to be ineligible based on the background check. The rules will also cover: the maintenance and treatment of certification records by DOJ; procedures for renewing a certification card and replacing a card that is lost, stolen, or destroyed; procedures for processing address changes or name changes by a certified former federal officer; procedures and standards for revoking or suspending a certification; and procedures for the administrative review by DOJ of any denial, suspension, or revocation of a certification.
Fourth, the rules will govern the procedures and standards for the qualification and certification of firearms instructors by DOJ under s. 175.60 (4) (b), Stats., and will provide a definition identifying those firearm instructors who are certified by a national or state organization, as provided in s. 175.60 (4) (a), Stats.
DOJ's existing administrative rules are located at Wis. Admin. Code chs. Jus 8-12, 14, and 16. The emergency rules proposed here will be placed in a new chapter, to be designated Wis. Admin. Code Chapter Jus 17, and to be titled “Licenses to carry a concealed weapon." In addition to the rules proposed here, the new chapter will also contain another emergency rule — being separately promulgated by DOJ — that lists those states that issue a permit, license, approval, or other authorization to carry a concealed weapon that is entitled to recognition in Wisconsin under s. 175.60 (1) (f), Stats.
Description of Existing Policies Relevant to the Rule and of New Policies Proposed to be Included in the Rule and An Analysis of Policy Alternatives; the History, Background and Justification for the Proposed Rule
In 2011 Wisconsin Act 35, the state of Wisconsin established a new system under which DOJ is required to issue licenses authorizing eligible Wisconsin residents to carry concealed weapons in Wisconsin and to certify firearms safety and training instructors. The legislation also authorizes DOJ to issue concealed carry certification cards to qualified former federal law enforcement officers who reside in Wisconsin. Because the concealed carry licensing and certification programs established by Act 35 are entirely new, there are no existing DOJ practices or policies that cover the subject areas of the administrative rules here proposed.
Most of the proposed rules will simply carry into effect the legislative directives set forth in Act 35. In a few areas, the proposed rules will articulate policies which give substance to undefined statutory terms or are needed to ensure that licenses and certification cards are issued only to eligible individuals and that all applicants and licensees are properly identified at all times. Such rules are specifically intended to carry out the legislature's intent reflected in Act 35.
For example, the proposed rules will provide definitions of such undefined statutory terms as “firearms safety or training course" and “national or state organization that certifies firearms instructors." Such definitions are necessary to give substantive content to these otherwise undefined statutory terms so as to carry out the legislative purposes of ensuring that all licensees have been trained in firearms and firearms safety and of ensuring that all certified firearms instructors have demonstrated the ability and knowledge required for providing training in firearms and firearms safety. The policy alternative of not defining such terms in DOJ's administrative rules would be contrary to those important legislative purposes.
Similarly, the proposed rules will specify the types of information that must be included in a training certificate or affidavit in order for DOJ to find that certificate or affidavit to be sufficient to satisfy the training documentation requirements in s. 175.60 (4) (a), Stats. Such specification is necessary to give substantive content to the statutory documentation requirements so as to carry out the legislative purpose of ensuring that every successful applicant for a concealed carry license has adequately demonstrated completion of at least one of the forms of statutorily required training. The policy alternative of not specifying the required contents of an acceptable training certificate or affidavit in DOJ's administrative rules would be contrary to that important legislative purpose.
The proposed rules will also contain procedures for conducting fingerprint checks to verify the identity of any license or certification applicant who is initially found to be ineligible based on a background check, procedures for issuing a new concealed carry license or certification card to an individual who changes his or her name, and procedures under which DOJ will work cooperatively with courts and law enforcement agencies in relation to any emergency concealed carry license that may be issued by a court, pursuant to s. 175.60 (9r). These procedures are not specifically required by statute but are necessary to carry out the legislative purposes of ensuring that licenses and certification cards are issued only to eligible individuals and that all applicants and licensees are properly identified at all times. The policy alternative of not including such procedures in DOJ's administrative rules would be contrary to those important legislative purposes.
Statutory Authority for the Rule (Including the Statutory Citation and Language)
A.   Section 175.60 (7), Stats.
Those portions of the proposed rules that will establish the amount of the fee to be charged for a concealed carry license are expressly and specifically authorized and required by s. 175.60 (7), Stats., which provides:
  SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION. An individual may apply for a license under this section with the department by submitting, by mail or other means made available by the department, to the department all of the following:
  (c) A license fee in an amount, as determined by the department by rule, that is equal to the cost of issuing the license but does not exceed $37. The department shall determine the costs of issuing a license by using a 5-year planning period.
B.   Section 175.60 (14g), Stats.
Those portions of the proposed rules that will establish procedures for the administrative review by DOJ of any denial, suspension, or revocation of a license are expressly and specifically authorized by s. 175.60 (14g), Stats., which provides:
  DEPARTMENTAL REVIEW. The department shall promulgate rules providing for the review of any action by the department denying an application for, or suspending or revoking, a license under this section.
C.   Section 175.60 (15) (b), Stats.
Those portions of the proposed rules that will establish the amount of the fee to be charged for the renewal of a concealed carry license are expressly and specifically authorized by s. 175.60 (15) (b), Stats., which provides:
  The department shall renew the license if, no later than 90 days after the expiration date of the license, the licensee does all of the following:
  4. Pays all of the following:
  a. A renewal fee in an amount, as determined by the department by rule, that is equal to the cost of renewing the license but does not exceed $12. The department shall determine the costs of renewing a license by using a 5-year planning period.
D.   Section 227.11 (2) (a), Stats.
Those portions of the proposed rules that are not specifically authorized by ss. 175.60 (7), (14g), and (15) (b), Stats., as described above, are authorized by s. 227.11 (2) (a), Stats., which provides:
  (2) Rule-making authority is expressly conferred as follows:
  (a) Each agency may promulgate rules interpreting the provisions of any statute enforced or administered by the agency, if the agency considers it necessary to effectuate the purpose of the statute, but a rule is not valid if the rule exceeds the bounds of correct interpretation. All of the following apply to the promulgation of a rule interpreting the provisions of a statute enforced or administered by an agency:
  1. A statutory or nonstatutory provision containing a statement or declaration of legislative intent, purpose, findings, or policy does not confer rule-making authority on the agency or augment the agency's rule-making authority beyond the rule-making authority that is explicitly conferred on the agency by the legislature.
  2. A statutory provision describing the agency's general powers or duties does not confer rule-making authority on the agency or augment the agency's rule-making authority beyond the rule-making authority that is explicitly conferred on the agency by the legislature.
  3. A statutory provision containing a specific standard, requirement, or threshold does not confer on the agency the authority to promulgate, enforce, or administer a rule that contains a standard, requirement, or threshold that is more restrictive than the standard, requirement, or threshold contained in the statutory provision.
This statute expressly confers on DOJ the general power to determine whether administrative rules interpreting those statutory provisions in Act 35 that are to be enforced or administered by DOJ are necessary to effectuate the purpose of those statutory provisions and, if such necessity is found, to promulgate such administrative rules, as long as those rules do not exceed the bounds of correct interpretation of the governing statutes.
DOJ finds that the rules here proposed are necessary to effectuate those portions of ss. 175.49 and 175.60 that require DOJ to establish and operate procedures governing:
  the issuance of concealed carry licenses to qualified applicants, including verification that each applicant has satisfied the applicable statutory training requirements, has passed the mandatory background check, and has met all of the other statutory eligibility requirements for a license;
  the issuance of concealed carry certification cards to qualified former federal law enforcement officers residing in Wisconsin, including verification that each applicant has satisfied the applicable firearm certification requirements, has passed the mandatory background check, and has met all of the other statutory eligibility requirements for certification;
  the administration of concealed carry licenses and certifications that have been issued by DOJ, including the maintenance and treatment of records; the receipt and processing of information from courts about individuals subject to a court-imposed disqualification from possessing a dangerous weapon; the renewal of licenses and certifications and the replacement of those that are lost, stolen, or destroyed; the processing of address changes or name changes for licenses and certifications; procedures and standards for revoking or suspending a license or certification; procedures for the administrative review by DOJ of any denial, suspension, or revocation of a license or certification; and procedures governing DOJ's cooperation with courts and law enforcement agencies in relation to emergency licenses issued by a court; and
  the qualification and certification of firearms instructors by DOJ and the identification of those firearm instructors who are certified by a national or state organization.
DOJ further finds that the rules here proposed:
  do not exceed the bounds of correct interpretation of ss. 175.49 or 175.60;
  are authorized by the statutes described above and are not based on authority derived from any other statutory or nonstatutory statements or declarations of legislative intent, purpose, findings, or policy;
  are authorized as necessary interpretations of the specific requirements of ss. 175.49 and 175.60 and are not based on authority derived from any other general powers or duties of DOJ; and
  do not impose any standards or requirements that are more restrictive than the standards and requirements contained in ss. 175.49 and 175.60.
For these reasons, those portions of the proposed rules that are not specifically authorized by ss. 175.60 (7), (14g), and (15) (b), Stats., are authorized by s. 227.11 (2) (a), Stats.
E.   Section 227.24 (1) (a), Stats.
The proposed rules may be promulgated as emergency rules under s. 227.24 (1) (a), Stats., which provides:
  An agency may promulgate a rule as an emergency rule without complying with the notice, hearing and publication requirements under this chapter if preservation of the public peace, health, safety or welfare necessitates putting the rule into effect prior to the time it would take effect if the agency complied with the procedures.
DOJ finds that the public welfare necessitates promulgating the proposed rules as emergency rules under s. 227.24 (1) (a), Stats.
Under section 101 of Act 35, most of the provisions of the Act — including the provisions governing the licensing and certification processes covered by the proposed rules and the provisions authorizing the carrying of a concealed weapon by the holder of a license, an out-of-state license, or a certification card — will have an effective date of November 1, 2011. In particular, s. 175.60 (9) will require DOJ to begin receiving and processing license applications and issuing or denying licenses as soon as that provision takes effect on November 1, 2011. The Legislature has thus determined that the public welfare requires the licensing system to take effect on November 1, 2011.
DOJ cannot comply with the requirements of s. 175.60 (9), Stats., and related statutory requirements until it has in effect administrative rules establishing the procedures and standards that will govern DOJ's enforcement and administration of those requirements. It follows that, in order for DOJ to meet its statutory duties that take effect on November 1, 2011, it must complete the promulgation of the administrative rules proposed here prior to that date.
Under the non-emergency rule-making procedures of ch. 227, Stats., before the proposed rules could be promulgated, numerous notice, hearing, and publication requirements would have to be fulfilled — including, but not limited to a public hearing on the proposed rules, preparation of a detailed report including a summary of public comments and DOJ's responses to those comments, and legislative review of the proposed rules. DOJ has determined that it is impossible for all of the required steps in that non-emergency rule-making process to be completed by November 1, 2011. Only if DOJ utilizes the emergency rulemaking procedures of s. 227.24, Stats., can the requisite rules be promulgated and in effect in time for DOJ to meet its statutory duties that take effect on November 1, 2011. The public welfare thus necessitates that the proposed rules be promulgated as emergency rules under s. 227.24, Stats. Once the proposed emergency rules have been promulgated, DOJ will promptly follow up with the promulgation of a permanent version of the rules under the full rulemaking procedures.
Estimate of the Amount of Time that State Employees will Spend to Develop the Rule and of Other Resources Necessary to Develop the Rule
It is estimated that state employees will spend approximately 200 hours on the rulemaking process for the proposed rules, including research, drafting, and compliance with required rulemaking procedures.
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