961.48(2m)(b)2. 2. Withdraws the charging of an offense as a 2nd or subsequent offense under this chapter by withdrawing an allegation of applicable prior convictions.
961.48 Note NOTE: Sub. (2m) is shown as renumbered from s. 161.48 (2m), as created by 1995 Wis. Act 402, by the revisor under s. 13.93 (1) (b).
961.48(3) (3) For purposes of this section, an offense is considered a 2nd or subsequent offense if, prior to the offender's conviction of the offense, the offender has at any time been convicted under this chapter or under any statute of the United States or of any state relating to controlled substances or controlled substance analogs, narcotic drugs, marijuana or depressant, stimulant or hallucinogenic drugs.
961.48(4) (4) This section does not apply to offenses under s. 961.41 (3g) (a) 1. and (b).
961.48 History History: 1971 c. 219; 1985 a. 328; 1987 a. 339; 1989 a. 121; 1993 a. 98, 118, 482, 490; 1995 a. 402; 1995 a. 448 s. 288; Stats. 1995 s. 961.48; s. 13.93 (1) (b), (2) (c).
961.48 Annotation The trial court erred in imposing a 2nd sentence on a defendant convicted of a 2nd violation of 161.41 (1) (a) and 161.14 (3) (k), while the repeater statute, 161.48, allows imposition of a penalty not exceeding twice that allowable for a 1st offense, it does not of itself create a crime and cannot support a separate and independent sentence. Olson v. State, 69 W (2d) 605, 230 NW (2d) 634.
961.48 Annotation For offenses under ch. 161, court may apply this section or 939.62, but not both. State v. Ray, 166 W (2d) 855, 481 NW (2d) 288 (Ct. App. 1992).
961.48 Annotation In sentencing defendant where maximum sentence is doubled under this section, the court considers the same factors it considers in all sentencing, including prior convictions. State v. Canadeo, 168 W (2d) 559, 484 NW (2d) 340 (Ct. App. 1992).
961.48 Annotation Sentencing under this section was improper where the defendant neither admitted a prior conviction nor did the state offer proof of one. State v. Coolidge, 173 W (2d) 783, 496 NW (2d) 701 (Ct. App. 1993).
961.48 Annotation Sub. (4) sets forth a limitation on the second or subsequent offense; the previous offense may be any conviction under ch. 161. State v. Robertson, 174 W (2d) 36, 496 NW (2d) 221 (Ct. App. 1993).
961.48 Annotation This section is self-executing; a prosecutor may not prevent the imposition of the sentences under this section by not charging the defendant as a repeater. State v. Young, 180 W (2d) 700, 511 NW (2d) 309 (Ct. App. 1993).
961.49 961.49 Distribution of or possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance on or near certain places.
961.49(1)(1) If any person violates s. 961.41 (1) (cm), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h) by delivering or distributing, or violates s. 961.41 (1m) (cm), (d), (e), (f), (g) or (h) by possessing with intent to deliver or distribute, cocaine, cocaine base, heroin, phencyclidine, lysergic acid diethylamide, psilocin, psilocybin, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methcathinone or any form of tetrahydrocannabinols or a controlled substance analog of any of these substances while in or on the premises of a scattered-site public housing project, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a state, county, city, village or town park, a jail or correctional facility, a multiunit public housing project, a swimming pool open to members of the public, a youth center or a community center, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of any private or public school premises or while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a school bus, as defined in s. 340.01 (56), the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for that crime may be increased by 5 years.
961.49(2) (2)
961.49(2)(a)(a) Except as provided in par. (b), if any person violates s. 961.41 (1) by delivering or distributing, or violates s. 961.41 (1m) by possessing with intent to deliver or distribute, a controlled substance included in schedule I or II or a controlled substance analog of a controlled substance included in schedule I or II while in or on the premises of a scattered-site public housing project, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a state, county, city, village or town park, a jail or correctional facility, a multiunit public housing project, a swimming pool open to members of the public, a youth center or a community center, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of any private or public school premises or while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a school bus, as defined in s. 340.01 (56), the court shall sentence the person to at least 3 years in prison, but otherwise the penalties for the crime apply. Except as provided in s. 961.438, the court shall not place the person on probation. The person is not eligible for parole until he or she has served at least 3 years, with no modification by the calculation under s. 302.11 (1).
961.49(2)(b) (b) If the conduct described in par. (a) involves only the delivery or distribution, or the possession with intent to deliver or distribute, of not more than 25 grams of tetrahydrocannabinols, included in s. 961.14 (4) (t), or not more than 5 plants containing tetrahydrocannabinols, the court shall sentence the person to at least one year in prison, but otherwise the penalties for the crime apply. Except as provided in s. 961.438, the court shall not place the person on probation. The person is not eligible for parole until he or she has served at least one year, with no modification by the calculation under s. 302.11 (1).
961.49(3) (3) A person who violates sub. (1) may be subject to increased penalties under both subs. (1) and (2) regarding the same unlawful act.
961.49 History History: 1985 a. 328; 1987 a. 332, 339, 403; 1989 a. 31, 107, 121; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 87, 98, 118, 281, 490, 491; 1995 a. 448 s. 289, 491; Stats. 1995 s. 961.49.
961.49 Annotation Scienter is not an element of 161.49. State v. Hermann, 164 W (2d) 269, 474 NW (2d) 906 (Ct. App. 1991).
961.49 Annotation A university campus is not a "school" within the meaning of s. 161.49. State v. Andrews, 171 W (2d) 217, 491 NW (2d) 504 (Ct. App. 1992).
961.49 Annotation Anyone who passes within a zone listed in sub. (1) while in possession of a controlled substance with an intent to deliver it somewhere is subject to the penalty enhancer provided by this section whether or not the arrest is made within the zone and whether or not there is an intent to deliver the controlled substance within the zone. State v. Rasmussen, 195 W (2d) 109, 536 NW (2d) 106 (Ct. App. 1995).
961.49 Annotation Anyone who passes within a zone listed in sub. (1) while in possession of a controlled substance with an intent to deliver it somewhere is subject to the penalty enhancer provided by this section whether or not the arrest is made within the zone and whether or not there is an intent to deliver the controlled substance within the zone. State v. Rasmussen, 195 W (2d) 109, 536 NW (2d) 106 (Ct. App. 1995).
961.49 Annotation School "premises" begin at the school property line. State v. Hall, 196 W (2d) 850, 540 NW (2d) 219 (Ct. App. 1995).
961.492 961.492 Distribution or possession with intent to deliver certain controlled substances on public transit vehicles. If a person violates s. 961.41 (1) or (1m) under all of the following circumstances, the maximum period of imprisonment under s. 961.41 (1) or (1m) may be increased by not more than 5 years:
961.492(1) (1) The violation of s. 961.41 (1) or (1m) involves the distribution or delivery or the possession, with intent to distribute or deliver, of any controlled substance included in schedule I or II or a controlled substance analog of any controlled substance included in schedule I or II.
961.492(2) (2) The person knowingly uses a public transit vehicle during the violation.
961.492 History History: 1995 a. 448 s. 249.
961.495 961.495 Possession or attempted possession of a controlled substance on or near certain places. If any person violates s. 961.41 (3g) by possessing or attempting to possess a controlled substance included in schedule I or II or a controlled substance analog of a controlled substance included in schedule I or II while in or on the premises of a scattered-site public housing project, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a state, county, city, village or town park, a jail or correctional facility, a multiunit public housing project, a swimming pool open to members of the public, a youth center or a community center, while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of any private or public school premises or while in or on or otherwise within 1,000 feet of a school bus, as defined in s. 340.01 (56), the court shall, in addition to any other penalties that may apply to the crime, impose 100 hours of community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization. The court shall ensure that the defendant is provided a written statement of the terms of the community service order and that the community service order is monitored. Any organization or agency acting in good faith to which a defendant is assigned pursuant to an order under this section has immunity from any civil liability in excess of $25,000 for acts or omissions by or impacting on the defendant.
961.495 History History: 1989 a. 31, 121; 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 87, 118, 281, 490; 1995 a. 448 s. 290; Stats. 1995 s. 961.495.
961.50 961.50 Suspension or revocation of operating privilege.
961.50(1)(1) If a person is convicted of any violation of this chapter, the court shall, in addition to any other penalties that may apply to the crime, suspend or revoke the person's operating privilege, as defined in s. 340.01 (40), for not less than 6 months nor more than 5 years. The court shall immediately take possession of any suspended or revoked license and forward it to the department of transportation together with the record of conviction and notice of the suspension or revocation. The person is eligible for an occupational license under s. 343.10 as follows:
961.50(1)(a) (a) For the first such conviction, at any time.
961.50(1)(b) (b) For a 2nd conviction within a 5-year period, after the first 60 days of the suspension or revocation period.
961.50(1)(c) (c) For a 3rd or subsequent conviction within a 5-year period, after the first 90 days of the suspension or revocation period.
961.50(2) (2) For purposes of counting the number of convictions under sub. (1), convictions under the law of a federally recognized American Indian tribe or band in this state, federal law or the law of another jurisdiction, as defined in s. 343.32 (1m) (a), for any offense therein which, if the person had committed the offense in this state and been convicted of the offense under the laws of this state, would have required suspension or revocation of such person's operating privilege under this section, shall be counted and given the effect specified under sub. (1). The 5-year period under this section shall be measured from the dates of the violations which resulted in the convictions.
961.50(3) (3) If the person's license or operating privilege is currently suspended or revoked or the person does not currently possess a valid operator's license issued under ch. 343, the suspension or revocation under this section is effective on the date on which the person is first eligible and applies for issuance, renewal or reinstatement of an operator's license under ch. 343.
961.50 History History: 1991 a. 39; 1993 a. 16, 480; 1995 a. 448 s. 291; Stats. 1995 s. 961.50.
subch. V of ch. 961 SUBCHAPTER V
ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
961.51 961.51 Powers of enforcement personnel.
961.51(1) (1) Any officer or employe of the pharmacy examining board designated by the examining board may:
961.51(1)(a) (a) Execute and serve search warrants, arrest warrants, administrative inspection warrants, subpoenas and summonses issued under the authority of this state;
961.51(1)(b) (b) Make arrests without warrant for any offense under this chapter committed in the officer's or employe's presence, or if the officer or employe has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing a violation of this chapter which may constitute a felony; and
961.51(1)(c) (c) Make seizures of property pursuant to this chapter.
961.51(2) (2) This section does not affect the responsibility of law enforcement officers and agencies to enforce this chapter, nor the authority granted the department of justice under s. 165.70.
961.51 History History: 1971 c. 219; 1985 a. 29; 1993 a. 482; 1995 a. 448 s. 293; Stats. 1995 s. 961.51.
961.52 961.52 Administrative inspections and warrants.
961.52(1)(1) Issuance and execution of administrative inspection warrants shall be as follows:
961.52(1)(a) (a) A judge of a court of record, upon proper oath or affirmation showing probable cause, may issue warrants for the purpose of conducting administrative inspections authorized by this chapter or rules hereunder, and seizures of property appropriate to the inspections. For purposes of the issuance of administrative inspection warrants, probable cause exists upon showing a valid public interest in the effective enforcement of this chapter or rules hereunder, sufficient to justify administrative inspection of the area, premises, building or conveyance in the circumstances specified in the application for the warrant.
961.52(1)(b) (b) A warrant shall issue only upon an affidavit of a designated officer or employe of the pharmacy examining board or the department of justice having knowledge of the facts alleged, sworn to before the judge and establishing the grounds for issuing the warrant. If the judge is satisfied that grounds for the application exist or that there is probable cause to believe they exist, the judge shall issue a warrant identifying the area, premises, building or conveyance to be inspected, the purpose of the inspection, and, if appropriate, the type of property to be inspected, if any. The warrant shall:
961.52(1)(b)1. 1. State the grounds for its issuance and the name of each person whose affidavit has been taken in support thereof;
961.52(1)(b)2. 2. Be directed to a person authorized by law to execute it;
961.52(1)(b)3. 3. Command the person to whom it is directed to inspect the area, premises, building or conveyance identified for the purpose specified and, if appropriate, direct the seizure of the property specified;
961.52(1)(b)4. 4. Identify the item or types of property to be seized, if any;
961.52(1)(b)5. 5. Direct that it be served during normal business hours and designate the judge to whom it shall be returned.
961.52(1)(c) (c) A warrant issued pursuant to this section must be executed and returned within 10 days of its date unless, upon a showing of a need for additional time, the court orders otherwise. If property is seized pursuant to a warrant, a copy shall be given to the person from whom or from whose premises the property is taken, together with a receipt for the property taken. The return of the warrant shall be made promptly, accompanied by a written inventory of any property taken. The inventory shall be made in the presence of the person executing the warrant and of the person from whose possession or premises the property was taken, if present, or in the presence of at least one credible person other than the person executing the warrant. A copy of the inventory shall be delivered to the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken and to the applicant for the warrant.
961.52(1)(d) (d) The judge who has issued a warrant shall attach thereto a copy of the return and all papers returnable in connection therewith and file them with the clerk of court for the county in which the inspection was made.
961.52(2) (2) The pharmacy examining board and the department of justice may make administrative inspections of controlled premises in accordance with the following provisions:
961.52(2)(a) (a) For purposes of this section only, "controlled premises" means:
961.52(2)(a)1. 1. Places where persons authorized under s. 961.32 to possess controlled substances in this state are required by federal law to keep records; and
961.52(2)(a)2. 2. Places including factories, warehouses, establishments and conveyances in which persons authorized under s. 961.32 to possess controlled substances in this state are permitted by federal law to hold, manufacture, compound, process, sell, deliver or otherwise dispose of any controlled substance.
961.52(2)(b) (b) When authorized by an administrative inspection warrant issued pursuant to sub. (1), an officer or employe designated by the pharmacy examining board or the department of justice, upon presenting the warrant and appropriate credentials to the owner, operator or agent in charge, may enter controlled premises for the purpose of conducting an administrative inspection.
961.52(2)(c) (c) When authorized by an administrative inspection warrant, an officer or employe designated by the pharmacy examining board or the department of justice may:
961.52(2)(c)1. 1. Inspect and copy records relating to controlled substances;
961.52(2)(c)2. 2. Inspect, within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, controlled premises and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished material, containers and labeling found therein, and, except as provided in par. (e), all other things therein, including records, files, papers, processes, controls and facilities bearing on violation of this chapter; and
961.52(2)(c)3. 3. Inventory any stock of any controlled substance therein and obtain samples thereof.
961.52(2)(d) (d) This section does not prevent entries and administrative inspections, including seizures of property, without a warrant:
961.52(2)(d)1. 1. If the owner, operator or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents;
961.52(2)(d)2. 2. In situations presenting imminent danger to health or safety;
961.52(2)(d)3. 3. In situations involving inspection of conveyances if there is reasonable cause to believe that the mobility of the conveyance makes it impracticable to obtain a warrant;
961.52(2)(d)4. 4. In any other exceptional or emergency circumstance where time or opportunity to apply for a warrant is lacking; or
961.52(2)(d)5. 5. In all other situations in which a warrant is not constitutionally required.
961.52(2)(e) (e) An inspection authorized by this section shall not extend to financial data, sales data, other than shipment data, or pricing data unless the owner, operator or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents in writing.
961.52 History History: 1971 c. 219; 1983 a. 538; 1985 a. 29; 1993 a. 482; 1995 a. 448 s. 294; Stats. 1995 s. 961.52.
961.53 961.53 Violations constituting public nuisance. Violations of this chapter constitute public nuisances under ch. 823, irrespective of any criminal prosecutions which may be or are commenced based on the same acts.
961.53 History History: 1971 c. 219; Sup. Ct. Order, 67 W (2d) 585, 775 (1975); 1995 a. 448 s. 295; Stats. 1995 s. 961.53.
961.54 961.54 Cooperative arrangements and confidentiality. The department of justice shall cooperate with federal, state and local agencies in discharging its responsibilities concerning traffic in controlled substances and in suppressing the abuse of controlled substances. To this end, it may:
961.54(1) (1) Arrange for the exchange of information among governmental officials concerning the use and abuse of controlled substances;
961.54(2) (2) Coordinate and cooperate in training programs concerning controlled substance law enforcement at local and state levels;
961.54(3) (3) Cooperate with the bureau by establishing a centralized unit to accept, catalog, file and collect statistics, including records of drug dependent persons and other controlled substance law offenders within the state, and make the information available for federal, state and local law enforcement purposes. It shall not furnish the name or identity of a patient or research subject whose identity could not be obtained under s. 961.335 (7); and
961.54(4) (4) Conduct programs of eradication aimed at destroying wild or illicit growth of plant species from which controlled substances may be extracted.
961.54 History History: 1971 c. 219, 336; 1975 c. 110; 1995 a. 448 s. 296; Stats. 1995 s. 961.54.
961.55 961.55 Forfeitures.
961.55(1)(1) The following are subject to forfeiture:
961.55(1)(a) (a) All controlled substances or controlled substance analogs which have been manufactured, delivered, distributed, dispensed or acquired in violation of this chapter.
961.55(1)(b) (b) All raw materials, products and equipment of any kind which are used, or intended for use, in manufacturing, compounding, processing, delivering, distributing, importing or exporting any controlled substance or controlled substance analog in violation of this chapter.
961.55(1)(c) (c) All property which is used, or intended for use, as a container for property described in pars. (a) and (b).
961.55(1)(d) (d) All vehicles which are used, or intended for use, to transport, or in any manner to facilitate the transportation, for the purpose of sale or receipt of property described in pars. (a) and (b) or for the purpose of transporting any property or weapon used or to be used or received in the commission of any felony under this chapter, but:
961.55(1)(d)1. 1. No vehicle used by any person as a common carrier in the transaction of business as a common carrier is subject to forfeiture under this section unless it appears that the owner or other person in charge of the vehicle is a consenting party or privy to a violation of this chapter;
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